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&alpha 1

/III-V界面 1

DNA结构 1

HBV相关疾病 1

一致性；网络一致性；拉普拉斯能量 1

中国和美国；洁净煤技术；现状；发展趋势；战略建议 1

产氧反应 1

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Broadly neutralizing antibodies and vaccine design against HIV-1 infection

Qian Wang, Linqi Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 30-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0721-9

摘要： Remarkable progress has been achieved for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) through antiretroviral therapy. However, vaccine development has remained challenging. Recent discoveries in broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) has led to the development of multiple novel vaccine approaches for inducing bNAbs-like antibody response. Structural and dynamic studies revealed several vulnerable sites and states of the HIV-1 envelop glycoprotein (Env) during infection. Our review aims to highlight these discoveries and rejuvenate our endeavor in HIV-1 vaccine design and development.

关键词： HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies Env conformational states vaccine design SOSIP

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Uncovering the evolution of tin use in the United States and its implications

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1406-6

摘要：

• US tin use decreases as the GDP value added by manufacturing sector increases.

关键词： Tin use GDP Curve fitting Logistic model Gompertz model

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Absorption heat pump for waste heat reuse: current states and future development

Zhenyuan XU, Ruzhu WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 414-436 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0507-1

摘要： Absorption heat pump attracts increasing attention due to its advantages in low grade thermal energy utilization. It can be applied for waste heat reuse to save energy consumption, reduce environment pollution, and bring considerable economic benefit. In this paper, three important aspects for absorption heat pump for waste heat reuse are reviewed. In the first part, different absorption heat pump cycles are classified and introduced. Absorption heat pumps for heat amplification and absorption heat transformer for temperature upgrading are included. Both basic single effect cycles and advanced cycles for better performance are introduced. In the second part, different working pairs, including the water based working pairs, ammonia based working pairs, alcohol based working pairs, and halogenated hydrocarbon based working pairs, for absorption heat pump are classified based on the refrigerant. In the third part, the applications of the absorption heat pump and absorption heat transformer for waste heat reuse in different industries are introduced. Based on the reviews in the three aspects, essential summary and future perspective are presented at last.

关键词： absorption heat pump heat transformer waste heat working pair

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Haloacetic acids in swimming pool and spa water in the United States and China

Xiaomao WANG,Garcia Leal M I,Xiaolu ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Yuefeng XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第6期页码 820-824 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0712-7

摘要： The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of haloacetic acids (HAAs), a group of disinfection byproducts, in swimming pool and spa water. The samples were collected from six indoor pools, six outdoor pools and three spas in Pennsylvania, the United States, and from five outdoor pools and nine indoor pools in Beijing, China. Five HAAs (HAA5), including monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid were analyzed. Total chlorine, pH and total organic carbon concentration were analyzed as well. Results indicated that the levels of HAA5 in swimming pools and spas in the United States ranged from 70 to 3980 μg·L , with an arithmetic average at 1440 μg·L and a median level at 1150 μg·L . These levels are much higher than the levels reported in chlorinated drinking water and are likely due to organic matters released from swimmers’ bodies. The levels of HAA5 in swimming pools in China ranged from 13 to 332 μg·L , with an arithmetic average at 117 μg·L and a median level at 114 μg·L . The lower HAA levels in swimming pools in China were due to the lower chlorine residuals. Results from this study can help water professionals to better understand the formation and stability of HAAs in chlorinated water and assess risks associated with exposures to HAAs in swimming pools and spas.

关键词： chlorination disinfection byproduct haloacetic acid swimming pool trihalomethane

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Effect of ligand chain length on hydrophobic charge induction chromatography revealed by molecular dynamics simulations

Lin ZHANG, Yan SUN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 456-463 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1357-y

摘要： Hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (HCIC) is a mixed-mode chromatography which is advantageous for high adsorption capacity and facile elution. The effect of the ligand chain length on protein behavior in HCIC was studied. A coarse-grain adsorbent pore model established in an earlier work was modified to construct adsorbents with different chain lengths, including one with shorter ligands (CL2) and one with longer ligands (CL4). The adsorption, desorption, and conformational transition of the proteins with CL2 and CL4 were examined using molecular dynamics simulations. The ligand chain length has a significant effect on both the probability and the irreversibility of the adsorption/desorption. Longer ligands reduced the energy barrier of adsorption, leading to stronger and more irreversible adsorption, as well as a little more unfolding of the protein. The simulation results elucidated the effect of the ligand chain length, which is beneficial for the rational design of adsorbents and parameter optimization for high-performance HCIC.

关键词： adsorption desorption irreversibility protein conformational transition molecular dynamics simulation

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中美洁净煤转化技术现状及发展趋势

吴彦丽,李文英,易群,谢克昌

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 133-139

摘要：

基于煤炭在中美两国能源结构中的重要地位，指出洁净煤转化技术仍将是2050年前两国解决煤炭利用和环境问题的主导技术。本文阐述了先进煤化工涉及的洁净煤转化技术现状及发展趋势，重点以煤气化、煤液化、煤制烯烃和煤制乙二醇等技术为例，指出未来中美两国应优先在化学链气化技术、合成气一步合成低碳烯烃、煤炭转化系统CO2减排等核心技术发展，在化工作用机制、化学反应机理、高效催化剂开发、新型反应器设计等基础领域展开合作的战略建议。

关键词：中国和美国；洁净煤技术；现状；发展趋势；战略建议

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Studies on exposure status of inhabitants to water-arsenic valence states in areas with endemic arsenism

LI Jun, CHENG Xiaotian, WANG Zhenghui, WEN Xinping, HAN Lingling, SANG Zhiping, ZHANG Jie, DUAN Hushun, LIANG Binfeng, GAO Jianguo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 219-222 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0042-2

摘要： This study aimed to describe the distribution of water-arsenic (As) valence states and its relationship to areas with endemic arsenism in the Datong basin. Drinking water samples of patients with endemic arsenism and a control group were examined using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). We analyzed the data using SPSS10.0 for Windows. The As(III)/As ratio was 52.1% in the water sample, exceeding the national standard of 0.05 mg/L. The As(III)/As ratio significantly varied among the different stages in the disease-state groups, and with the control group ( = 22.4, P<0.01). The As(III)/As(V) ratio significantly varied in the four groups ( = 26.19, P<0.01), with a tendency to increase along with the seriousness of the disease state. The most common type of drinking water arsenic valence state was As(III) in the endemic disease-areas. Endemic arsenism was positively correlated with As(III). This led us to conclude that the fraction of each water-arsenic valence state should be studied when determining the arsenic content of drinking water.

关键词： control fluorescence spectrometry endemic arsenism tendency different

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基于高κ/GaAs界面态起源的材料设计 Article

Weichao Wang,Cheng Gong,Ka Xiong,Santosh K.C.,Robert M. Wallace,Kyeongjae Cho

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第3期页码 372-377 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015052

摘要：

为了满足微电子器件不断扩展到更小尺寸的需求，SiO₂栅极介电层被高介电常量材料Hf(Zr)O₂所替代，以尽可能减少流过介电薄膜的漏电流。然而，与高介电常量 (高κ) 电介质连接时，传统Si通道中的电子迁移率由于库仑散射、表面粗糙度散射、远程声子散射和介电电荷捕获而有所下降。III-V和Ge是两个有希望的候选材料，其迁移率均优于Si。尽管如此，与Si基界面相比，Hf(Zr)O₂/III-V(Ge) 的界面结合更为复杂。成功制造高质量器件关键在于优化器件界面设计时对Hf(Zr)O₂/III-V(Ge) 界面结合结构的理解与设计。因此，从原子尺度准确了解界面结合与界面态形成的机制变得尤为重要。在本文中，笔者利用第一性原理计算方法，对HfO₂与GaAs之间的界面性质进行了研究。结果表明，隙间态主要由As—As二聚物键合、Ga部分氧化( 在3+和1+之间) 和Ga—悬挂键贡献。这些研究成果能为最优化界面钝化提供重要的指导意见。

关键词：高迁移率器件高&kappa /III-V界面界面态第一性原理计算方法

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INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK, BRITISH COLUMBIA, AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED STATES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期

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美国的下一代航空运输系统——发展愿景、成就与未来方向

Joseph Post

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第4期页码 427-430 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.026

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养殖密度对鱼类福利影响研究进展

刘宝良,雷霁霖,贾睿,刘滨

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第9期页码 100-105

摘要：

水产养殖密度是现代集约化养殖生产过程中十分重要的生产管理要素，不合理的养殖密度易使鱼类长期处于应激胁迫之中，从而影响到鱼类福利水平，增大养殖管理风险。目前国际上对鱼类福利养殖的密度问题十分重视并广泛开展研究。本文将重点阐述鱼类表观现象，如生长状况、健康状态、应激反应和行为特征等指示因子，对养殖鱼类福利进行密度评估，以探讨最佳养殖密度和向生产者提供有实际参考意义的技术理论。

关键词：养殖密度鱼类福利集约化养殖生长健康状态应激反应

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表征不同DNA高阶结构的单分子分析方法 Review

刘泳麟, 边天元, 刘岩, 李治民, 裴羽丰, 宋杰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第24卷第5期页码 277-292 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.009

摘要：

DNA不仅是生命遗传信息的载体，而且是一种高度可编程和自组装的纳米材料。不同的DNA结构与其生物学和化学功能有关。因此，了解各种DNA结构的物理和化学性质在生物学和纳米化学中具有重要意义。然而，群体分子实验忽略了溶液中DNA结构的异质性。单分子分析方法是观察单个分子的行为和探测自由能态的高异质性的有力工具。本文介绍了单分子检测和操纵等单分子分析方法，并讨论了这些方法如何用于测量单/双链DNA（ss/dsDNA）、DNA高阶结构和DNA纳米结构的分子性质。最后，将DNA纳米技术和单分子分析方法进行结合以了解DNA和其他生物物质、软物质的生物物理特性。

关键词：单分子分析方法 DNA结构力学性能构象转变

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病理状态下肠道微生态的调节

王玉兰, 王保红, 吴俊芳, 江向洋, 唐惠儒, Ole H. Nielsen

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第1期页码 83-89 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.013

摘要：

人类微生态是寄居在人体中的微生物聚集体，且主要存在于胃肠道(GIT) 中。肠道微生态随着人体发育而演化，并在人类健康和疾病中起着重要作用。近年来，由于微生态会影响宿主代谢、生理学和免疫系统发育，而且微生态紊乱可能导致许多疾病，其越来越受到人们的关注。肠道微生态可能与恶性肿瘤有一定联系，如胃癌和结直肠癌；也可能与其他一些疾病有关，如非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)、被称为工业化世界“生活方式疾病”的肥胖和糖尿病、冠心病以及中枢神经系统紊乱。虽然分子技术革命为我们更准确地研究肠道微生态提供了必要的工具，但是我们需要更精确地阐明其与某些人类疾病病理变化的关系，明确微生态在不同疾病中的作用是新的治疗策略发展的基础。本文概述了肠道微生态对人类健康的重要影响以及调整肠道菌群结构的潜在用途，如菌群移植用于治疗耐药艰难梭菌(C. difficile) 的感染。通过微生态干预调整肠道区域以改善人类健康的概念虽刚刚兴起，但其治疗意义显著。因此，抑制有害菌、促进有益菌可能会保护人类健康，并且这些努力将为探索发展更加合理的治疗方案打下基础。

关键词：肠道菌群疾病菌群调节

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中美致密砂岩气成藏分布异同点比较研究与意义

童晓光,郭彬程,李建忠,黄福喜

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 9-15

摘要：

致密砂岩气已成为全球非常规天然气勘探的重点领域。中国致密砂岩气分布范围广，目前已在鄂尔多斯、四川等盆地实现了规模开发；美国落基山地区是致密砂岩气十分发育和勘探相对成熟的地区。对比研究中美致密砂岩气的形成条件和成藏特征是加快中国致密气开发利用与开拓勘探思路的有效途径。中国与美国致密气藏对比研究表明，中美致密砂岩气具有以煤系地层为主要烃源岩、储层致密、存在异常地层压力、源储紧邻与气藏大面积分布等共性特征；差异性主要体现在致密气源岩沉积环境与热演化程度，储层非均质性及其致密化因素，气藏纵向和平面分布特征等方面；控制中美致密砂岩气成藏条件和特征差异性的主要因素是沉积盆地性质、沉积环境和后期构造作用。针对中国致密砂岩气的特殊性，加强储层非均质性、优质储层预测、气藏的分布规律的研究以及加强工程技术攻关提高单井累计产量是致密砂岩气勘探开发工作的重点。

关键词：致密砂岩气藏成藏特点差异性

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美国国家公园与门户城镇的建设经验与启示

刘辉亮

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第5期页码 100-108 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.05.014

摘要：

2016年是美国国家公园管理局成立100周年。在过去的100年里，美国国家公园系统已成为重要的国家资源，在刺激经济发展和提高公众生活质量方面起着重要的作用，对门户城镇经济发展尤为如此。本文简要回顾了美国国家公园系统，包括它的历史、使命、规划重点和方法，并着重探讨了门户城镇和国家公园之间相互依托、相互合作、共同发展的关系，以及随着近年来国家公园游客、门户城镇访客和居民数量的日益增长，它们所面临的问题和挑战。笔者以落基山国家公园和它的主要门户城镇——埃斯蒂斯公园小镇 (the Town of Estes Park) 作为案例，探讨其成功的经验与存在的具体问题，并就有关中国国家公园系统的设立、国家公园和其门户城镇的关系及规划重点等提出建议，仅供“秦巴山区绿色循环发展”研究项目参考。

关键词：美国国家公园管理局门户城镇落基山国家公园埃斯蒂斯公园小镇